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Compliance Checks

Validation Layer — Formal verification of specification conformance


Definition

Compliance checks are formal processes that verify whether an implementation meets specification requirements. Unlike test suites (which verify specific behaviors), compliance checks provide systematic, comprehensive assessment of conformance—often with certification implications.

Relationship to the Specification

The specification defines the requirements. Compliance checks provide structured evaluation of whether those requirements are met, typically with:

  • Checklists derived from specification requirements
  • Pass/fail criteria for each requirement
  • Evidence documentation for conformance claims
  • Gap analysis for non-conformance
Specification SectionCompliance Check
”All messages SHALL be signed”☐ Verify signature present on all message types
”Connections SHALL timeout after 30s”☐ Verify timeout behavior under test conditions
”Implementations MUST support TLS 1.3”☐ Verify TLS negotiation and cipher suites

Types of Compliance

Self-Assessment

Internal evaluation against specification:

  • Development team runs compliance checklist
  • Identifies gaps before release
  • Documents conformance status

Peer Review

External evaluation by specification community:

  • Other implementers verify claims
  • Interoperability testing across implementations
  • Identifies specification ambiguities

Formal Certification

Authoritative conformance verification:

  • Official test suite execution
  • Documentation review
  • Certification granted on pass

Dependency Chain

Specification
    ↓
Test Suites ← executable tests for requirements
    ↓
Compliance Checks ← systematic conformance verification
    ↓
Audit Trails ← evidence of compliance
    ↓
Changelogs ← track compliance across versions

Why Spec-Grounding Matters

Compliance without clear specification grounding becomes subjective:

  • Ambiguous requirements: What does “should support” mean for compliance?
  • Incomplete evaluation: Compliance checks that miss specification requirements
  • Inconsistent standards: Different evaluators reach different conclusions
  • Certification theater: Passing checks that don’t verify real conformance

Compliance Checklist Structure

Effective compliance checklists trace directly to specification:

# Compliance Checklist: SPEC v2.1
 
## Section 3: Message Format
 
### SPEC-3.1 Message Structure
 
| ID | Requirement | Type | Status | Evidence |
|----|-------------|------|--------|----------|
| 3.1.1 | Message contains valid header | MUST | ☐ Pass ☐ Fail | |
| 3.1.2 | Header includes version field | MUST | ☐ Pass ☐ Fail | |
| 3.1.3 | Version field is 2 bytes | MUST | ☐ Pass ☐ Fail | |
| 3.1.4 | Implementations support v1 messages | SHOULD | ☐ Pass ☐ Fail ☐ N/A | |
 
### SPEC-3.2 Signatures
 
| ID | Requirement | Type | Status | Evidence |
|----|-------------|------|--------|----------|
| 3.2.1 | All messages are signed | MUST | ☐ Pass ☐ Fail | |
| 3.2.2 | Ed25519 signatures accepted | MUST | ☐ Pass ☐ Fail | |
| 3.2.3 | Invalid signatures rejected | MUST | ☐ Pass ☐ Fail | |

RFC 2119 Keywords and Compliance

Specifications often use RFC 2119 keywords. Compliance implications:

KeywordCompliance Requirement
MUST / SHALLRequired for compliance; failure = non-conformant
MUST NOT / SHALL NOTProhibited; presence = non-conformant
SHOULD / RECOMMENDEDExpected; absence requires justification
SHOULD NOTDiscouraged; presence requires justification
MAY / OPTIONALNo compliance requirement; implementation choice

Compliance Evidence

Claims require evidence:

## Compliance Evidence: SPEC-4.2.3 (Delivery Timeout)
 
**Requirement**: Messages SHALL be delivered within 500ms under normal 
network conditions.
 
**Test Method**: 
1. Established connection between two nodes
2. Sent 1000 messages under controlled conditions
3. Measured delivery latency for each
 
**Results**:
- Mean latency: 127ms
- 95th percentile: 312ms
- 99th percentile: 445ms
- Maximum: 478ms
 
**Status**: PASS
 
**Evidence**: Test logs attached (test_delivery_latency_20240115.log)

Best Practices

  • Derive compliance checklists directly from specification sections
  • Use RFC 2119 keyword interpretation consistently
  • Require evidence (test results, logs, documentation) for compliance claims
  • Version compliance checklists with specification versions
  • Document partial compliance clearly (which requirements pass, which fail)
  • Include interoperability testing with other implementations
  • Re-evaluate compliance when specifications are updated